APC gene expression in gastric carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, particularly in Japan and China. Inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, a tumor suppressor gene, has been shown to play a significant role in the development of colorectal carcinoma, and it has been suggested that it may play a role throughout the digestive tract, including the stomach. This study assesses APC gene expression in normal gastric mucosa and gastric adenocarcinoma using an antibody to the C-terminal region. One hundred twenty cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were examined from the files of Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, and China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Ninety-one cases were informative. Of these, 78% revealed loss of staining. Loss of staining in adenocarcinoma. showed no association with tumor type, tumor, stage or patient nationality. Loss of staining was also found in nine of 35 cases (26%) of intestinal metaplasia. In conclusion, loss of the APC gene, as determined by immunohistochemical staining, appears to be an early event in gastric carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemistry is a sensitive method for detection of this loss.