White light-emitting diodes: History, progress, and future

被引：660
作者：
Cho, Jaehee [1 ]
Park, Jun Hyuk [2 ]
Kim, Jong Kyu [2 ]
Schubert, E. Fred [3 ]
机构：
[1] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Sch Semicond & Chem Engn, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
[2] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 37673, South Korea
[3] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA
来源：
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS | 2017年 / 11卷 / 02期
基金：
新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词：
EFFICIENCY DROOP; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; GAN LAYERS; BLUE; PHOSPHOR; PERFORMANCE; RED; LUMINESCENCE; ILLUMINATION; CHALLENGES;
D O I：
10.1002/lpor.201600147
中图分类号：
O43 [光学];
学科分类号：
070207 ; 0803 ;
摘要：
About twenty years ago, in the autumn of 1996, the first white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were offered for sale. These then-new devices ushered in a new era in lighting by displacing lower-efficiency conventional light sources including Edison's venerable incandescent lamp as well as the Hg-discharge-based fluorescent lamp. We review the history of the conception, improvement, and commercialization of the white LED. Early models of white LEDs already exceeded the efficiency of low-wattage incandescent lamps, and extraordinary progress has been made during the last 20 years. The review also includes a discussion of advances in blue LED chips, device architecture, light extraction, and phosphors. Finally, we offer a brief outlook on opportunities provided by smart LED technology.
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页数：17
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