Comparison Between Diffusion-Weighted MRI (DW-MRI) at 1.5 and 3 Tesla: A Phantom Study

Purpose: To compare DW-MRI between 1.5 and 3 Tesla (T) in terms of image quality, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), reproducibility, lesion-to-background contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), using a test object. Materials and Methods: A spherical diffusion phantom was used for qualitatively assessing image quality and performing quantitative measurements between the two field strengths. Results: Distortions and signal losses degraded image quality at 3T even when the protocols were optimized for minimum TE. The ADC, in the majority of the phantom compartments, was significantly different between 1.5T and 3T (P < 0.009), while the average coefficient of variation, excluding the phantom compartments affected by artifacts, was <1.3% at both field strengths. The lesion-to-background contrast was improved at 1.5T for images acquired with b = 1000 s/mm(2) and comparable contrast was achieved at 3T with higher b-values. The SNR gain at 3T could, in theory, be balanced by the increased number of signal excitations one can accommodate at 1.5T to perform DW-MRI within the same acquisition time and possibly improved image quality, when 3T systems with no parallel transmission are used. Conclusion: Further phantom and in vivo studies are required to investigate the utility of DW-MRI at 3T, if image quality and acquisition times comparable to the ones from 1.5T are assumed.