Development of Breast Imaging Specific Entrustable Professional Activities Using a Double Delphi Technique

Rational and Objectives: To develop subspecialty-specific entrustable professional activities for breast imaging radiology (EPA-BRs) through the use of a double consensus-driven, validity-enhancing methodology that may be relevant to other subspecialties in radiology and medicine in general. Materials and Methods: A six-step methodology was used to develop EPA-BRs via a double Delphi process followed by educational theorist's refinement. Two groups of experts completed each Delphi process: the core group of breast imaging educators and an expert panel of national experts in breast imaging standards and appropriateness. Results: Five EPA-BRs were developed, with eight nested EPA-BRs, one of which is elective. This comprehensive list of EPA-BRs covers the role of a breast imaging radiologist in the care of a patient from detection of breast cancer to post-treatment follow-up. Conclusion: A combined modified and classic double Delphi approach can be utilized by other graduate medical education (GME) specialties and subspecialties as a method by which GME education can be transformed into a clinical framework that more closely bridges individual competencies and real world clinical practice.