Temperature structure in the Perseus cluster core observed with Hitomi

被引：40

作者：

Aharonian, Felix ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Akamatsu, Hiroki ^{[4
]}

Akimoto, Fumie ^{[5
]}

Allen, Steven W. ^{[6
,7
,8
]}

Angelini, Lorella ^{[9
]}

Audard, Marc ^{[10
]}

Awaki, Hisamitsu ^{[11
]}

Axelsson, Magnus ^{[12
,13
]}

Bamba, Aya ^{[14
,15
]}

Bautz, Marshall W. ^{[16
]}

Blandford, Roger ^{[6
,7
,8
]}

Brenneman, Laura W. ^{[17
]}

Brown, Gregory, V ^{[18
]}

Bulbul, Esra ^{[16
]}

Cackett, Edward M. ^{[19
]}

Chernyakova, Maria ^{[1
]}

Chiao, Meng P. ^{[9
]}

Coppi, Paolo S. ^{[20
,21
]}

Costantini, Elisa ^{[4
]}

de Plaa, Jelle ^{[4
]}

de Vries, Cor P. ^{[4
]}

den Herder, Jan-Willem ^{[4
]}

Done, Chris ^{[22
]}

Dotani, Tadayasu ^{[23
]}

Ebisawa, Ken ^{[23
]}

Eckart, Megan E. ^{[9
]}

Enoto, Teruaki ^{[24
,25
]}

Ezoe, Yuichiro ^{[26
]}

Fabian, Andrew C. ^{[27
]}

Ferrigno, Carlo ^{[10
]}

Foster, Adam R. ^{[17
]}

Fujimoto, Ryuichi ^{[28
]}

Fukazawa, Yasushi ^{[29
]}

Furukawa, Maki ^{[30
]}

Furuzawa, Akihiro ^{[31
]}

Galeazzi, Massimiliano ^{[32
]}

Gallo, Luigi C. ^{[33
]}

Gandhi, Poshak ^{[34
]}

Giustini, Margherita ^{[4
]}

Goldwurm, Andrea ^{[35
,36
]}

Gu, Liyi ^{[4
]}

Guainazzi, Matteo ^{[37
]}

Haba, Yoshito ^{[38
]}

Hagino, Kouichi ^{[39
]}

Hamaguchi, Kenji ^{[9
,40
]}

Harrus, Ilana M. ^{[9
,40
]}

Hatsukade, Isamu ^{[41
]}

Hayashi, Katsuhiro ^{[23
,42
]}

Hayashi, Takayuki ^{[42
]}

Hayashida, Kiyoshi ^{[43
]}

机构：

[1] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland

[2] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany

[3] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, I-67100 Laquila, AQ, Italy

[4] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands

[5] Nagoya Univ, Inst Space Earth Environm Res, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan

[6] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[7] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[8] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[9] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[10] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Ch Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[11] Ehime Univ, Dept Phys, 2-5 Bunkyo Cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan

[12] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[13] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[14] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan

[15] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan

[16] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[17] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS-4, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[18] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA

[19] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 666 W Hancock St, Detroit, MI 48201 USA

[20] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA

[21] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA

[22] Univ Durham, Ctr Extragalact Astron, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England

[23] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshino Dai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan

[24] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068502, Japan

[25] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Sakyo Ku, Yoshida Honmachi, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068501, Japan

[26] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan

[27] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[28] Kanazawa Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Kakuma Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan

[29] Hiroshima Univ, Sch Sci, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan

[30] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Tokyo 1628601, Japan

[31] Fujita Hlth Univ, Kutsukake Cho, Toyoake, Aichi 4701192, Japan

[32] Univ Miami, Phys Dept, 1320 Campo Sano Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA

[33] St Marys Univ, Dept Astron & Phys, 923 Robie St, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada

[34] Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

[35] Lab APC, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75013 Paris, France

[36] CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[37] European Space Technol Ctr, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands

[38] Aichi Univ Educ, Dept Phys & Astron, 1 Hirosawa,Igaya Cho, Kariya, Aichi 4488543, Japan

[39] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan

[40] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA

[41] Univ Miyazaki, Dept Appl Phys & Elect Engn, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan

[42] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan

[43] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 1-1 Machikaneyama Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan

[44] Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 6691337, Japan

[45] Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan

[46] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA

[47] Meisei Univ, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 1918506, Japan

[48] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[49] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan

[50] Chuo Univ, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Tokyo 1128551, Japan

来源：

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN | 2018年 / 70卷 / 02期

基金：

加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;

关键词：

galaxies: clusters: individual (Perseus); methods: observational; X-rays: galaxies: clusters; IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; GALAXY CLUSTER; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; CENTAURUS CLUSTER; CHANDRA VIEW; CONSTRAINTS; METALS; MODELS; GAS;

D O I：

10.1093/pasj/psy004

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The present paper explains the temperature structure of X-ray emitting plasma in the core of the Perseus cluster based on 1.8-20.0 keV data obtained with the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) on board the Hitomi Observatory. A series of four observations was carried out, with a total effective exposure time of 338 ks that covered a central region of similar to 7' in diameter. SXS was operated with an energy resolution of similar to 5 eV (full width at half maximum) at 5.9 keV. Not only fine structures of K-shell lines in He-like ions, but also transitions from higher principal quantum numbers were clearly resolved from Si through Fe. That enabled us to perform temperature diagnostics using the line ratios of Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe, and to provide the first direct measurement of the excitation temperature and ionization temperature in the Perseus cluster. The observed spectrum is roughly reproduced by a single-temperature thermal plasma model in collisional ionization equilibrium, but detailed line-ratio diagnostics reveal slight deviations from this approximation. In particular, the data exhibit an apparent trend of increasing ionization temperature with the atomic mass, as well as small differences between the ionization and excitation temperatures for Fe, the only element for which both temperatures could be measured. The best-fit two-temperature models suggest a combination of 3 and 5 keV gas, which is consistent with the idea that the observed small deviations from a single-temperature approximation are due to the effects of projecting the known radial temperature gradient in the cluster core along the line of sight. A comparison with the Chandra/ACIS and the XMM-Newton/RGS results, on the other hand, suggests that additional lower-temperature components are present in the intracluster medium (ICM), but not detectable with Hitomi/SXS giving its 1.8-20 keV energy band.

引用

页数：30

共 61 条

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Bonaldi, A. ;

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Borgani, S. ;

Borrill, J. ;

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Bourdin, H. ;

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Cabella, P. ;

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Catalano, A. ;

Cayon, L. ;

Chamballu, A. ;

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Chon, G. ;

Christensen, P. R. ;

Churazov, E. ;

Clements, D. L. ;

Colafrancesco, S. ;

Colombi, S. ;

Colombo, L. P. L. ;

Comis, B. ;

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Coppi, Paolo S. ;

Costantini, Elisa ;

de Plaa, Jelle ;

de Vries, Cor P. ;

den Herder, Jan-Willem ;

Done, Chris ;

Dotani, Tadayasu ;

Ebisawa, Ken ;

Eckart, Megan E. ;

Enoto, Teruaki ;

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Hagino, Kouichi ;

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Haba, Yoshito ;

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Chernyakova, Maria ;

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de Plaa, Jelle ;

de Vries, Cor P. ;

den Herder, Jan-Willem ;

Done, Chris ;

Dotani, Tadayasu ;

Ebisawa, Ken ;

Eckart, Megan E. ;

Enoto, Teruaki ;

Ezoe, Yuichiro ;

Fabian, Andrew C. ;

Ferrigno, Carlo ;

Foster, Adam R. ;

Fujimoto, Ryuichi ;

Fukazawa, Yasushi ;

Furuzawa, Akihiro ;

Galeazzi, Massimiliano ;

Gallo, Luigi C. ;

Gandhi, Poshak ;

Giustini, Margherita ;

Goldwurm, Andrea ;

Gu, Liyi ;

Guainazzi, Matteo ;

Haba, Yoshito ;

Hagino, Kouichi ;

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Bamba, Aya ;

Bautz, Marshall W. ;

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Brown, Gregory V. ;

Bulbul, Esra ;

Cackett, Edward M. ;

Chernyakova, Maria ;

Chiao, Meng P. ;

Coppi, Paolo S. ;

Costantini, Elisa ;

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den Herder, Jan-Willem ;

Done, Chris ;

Dotani, Tadayasu ;

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Enoto, Teruaki ;

Ezoe, Yuichiro ;

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Ferrigno, Carlo ;

Foster, Adam R. ;

Fujimoto, Ryuichi ;

Fukazawa, Yasushi ;

Furuzawa, Akihiro ;

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Gallo, Luigi C. ;

Gandhi, Poshak ;

Giustini, Margherita ;

Goldwurm, Andrea ;

Gu, Liyi ;

Guainazzi, Matteo ;

Haba, Yoshito ;

Hagino, Kouichi ;

Hamaguchi, Kenji ;

Harrus, Ilana M. ;

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Brown, Gregory V. ;

Bulbul, Esra ;

Cackett, Edward ;

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Chiao, Meng ;

Coppi, Paolo ;

Costantini, Elisa ;

de Plaa, Jelle ;

den Herder, Jan-Willem ;

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共 61 条

[1] Planck intermediate results V. Pressure profiles of galaxy clusters from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect [J].

Ade, P. A. R. ;

Aghanim, N. ;

Arnaud, M. ;

Ashdown, M. ;

Atrio-Barandela, F. ;

Aumont, J. ;

Baccigalupi, C. ;

Balbi, A. ;

Banday, A. J. ;

Barreiro, R. B. ;

Bartlett, J. G. ;

Battaner, E. ;

Benabed, K. ;

Benoit, A. ;

Bernard, J. -P. ;

Bersanelli, M. ;

Bhatia, R. ;

Bikmaev, I. ;

Bobin, J. ;

Boehringer, H. ;

Bonaldi, A. ;

Bond, J. R. ;

Borgani, S. ;

Borrill, J. ;

Bouchet, F. R. ;

Bourdin, H. ;

Brown, M. L. ;

Burenin, R. ;

Burigana, C. ;

Cabella, P. ;

Cardoso, J. -F. ;

Carvalho, P. ;

Castex, G. ;

Catalano, A. ;

Cayon, L. ;

Chamballu, A. ;

Chiang, L. -Y ;

Chon, G. ;

Christensen, P. R. ;

Churazov, E. ;

Clements, D. L. ;

Colafrancesco, S. ;

Colombi, S. ;

Colombo, L. P. L. ;

Comis, B. ;

Coulais, A. ;

Crill, B. P. ;

Cuttaia, F. ;

Da Silva, A. ;

Dahle, H. .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2013, 550

[2] Hitomi observation of radio galaxy NGC 1275: The first X-ray microcalorimeter spectroscopy of Fe-Kα line emission from an active galactic nucleus [J].

Aharonian, Felix ;

Akamatsu, Hiroki ;

Akimoto, Fumie ;

Allen, Steven W. ;

Angelini, Lorella ;

Audard, Marc ;

Awaki, Hisamitsu ;

Axelsson, Magnus ;

Bamba, Aya ;

Bautz, Marshall W. ;

Blandford, Roger ;

Brenneman, Laura W. ;

Brown, Gregory, V ;

Bulbul, Esra ;

Cackett, Edward M. ;

Chernyakova, Maria ;

Chiao, Meng P. ;

Coppi, Paolo S. ;

Costantini, Elisa ;

de Plaa, Jelle ;

de Vries, Cor P. ;

den Herder, Jan-Willem ;

Done, Chris ;

Dotani, Tadayasu ;

Ebisawa, Ken ;

Eckart, Megan E. ;

Enoto, Teruaki ;

Ezoe, Yuichiro ;

Fabian, Andrew C. ;

Ferrigno, Carlo ;

Foster, Adam R. ;

Fujimoto, Ryuichi ;

Fukazawa, Yasushi ;

Furuzawa, Akihiro ;

Galeazzi, Massimiliano ;

Gallo, Luigi C. ;

Gandhi, Poshak ;

Giustini, Margherita ;

Goldwurm, Andrea ;

Gu, Liyi ;

Guainazzi, Matteo ;

Haba, Yoshito ;

Hagino, Kouichi ;

Hamaguchi, Kenji ;

Harrus, Ilana M. ;

Hatsukade, Isamu ;

Hayashi, Katsuhiro ;

Hayashi, Takayuki ;

Hayashida, Kiyoshi ;

Hiraga, Junko S. .

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, 2018, 70 (02)

[3] Atomic data and spectral modeling constraints from high-resolution X-ray observations of the Perseus cluster with Hitomi [J].

Aharonian, Felix ;

Akamatsu, Hiroki ;

Akimoto, Fumie ;

Allen, Steven W. ;

Angelini, Lorella ;

Audard, Marc ;

Awaki, Hisamitsu ;

Axelsson, Magnus ;

Bamba, Aya ;

Bautz, Marshall W. ;

Blandford, Roger ;

Brenneman, Laura W. ;

Brown, Gregory, V ;

Bulbul, Esra ;

Cackett, Edward M. ;

Chernyakova, Maria ;

Chiao, Meng P. ;

Coppi, Paolo S. ;

Costantini, Elisa ;

de Plaa, Jelle ;

de Vries, Cor P. ;

den Herder, Jan-Willem ;

Done, Chris ;

Dotani, Tadayasu ;

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