Atmospheric PM and volatile organic compounds released from Mediterranean shrubland wildfires

被引:40
作者
Garcia-Hurtado, Elisa [1 ]
Pey, Jorge [2 ]
Borras, Esther [1 ]
Sanchez, Pilar [1 ]
Vera, Teresa [1 ]
Carratala, Adoracion [3 ]
Alastuey, Andres [2 ]
Querol, Xavier [2 ]
Ramon Vallejo, V. [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Fdn Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo CEAM, Valencia 46980, Spain
[2] Spanish Res Council IDAEA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
[3] Univ Alicante, Fac Ciencias, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
[4] Univ Barcelona, Dept Biol Vegetal, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
关键词
Biomass burning; Mediterranean shrubland; Water soluble ions; Trace elements; Organic compounds; VOCs; EMISSION FACTORS; URBAN AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON; SMOKE; PM2.5; COMBUSTION; LEVOGLUCOSAN; PARTICLES; CELLULOSE; TRACERS;
D O I
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.016
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Wildfires produce a significant release of gases and particles affecting climate and air quality. In the Mediterranean region, shrublands significantly contribute to burned areas and may show specific emission profiles. Our objective was to depict and quantify the primary-derived aerosols and precursors of secondary particulate species released during shrubland experimental fires, in which fire-line intensity values were equivalent to those of moderate shrubland wildfires, by using a number of different methodologies for the characterization of organic and inorganic compounds in both gas-phase and particulate-phase. Emissions of PM mass, particle number concentrations and organic and inorganic PMx components during flaming and smouldering phases were characterized in a field shrubland fire experiment. Our results revealed a clear prevalence of K+ and SO42- as inorganic ions released during the flaming-smouldering processes, accounting for 68-80% of the inorganic soluble fraction. During the residual-smouldering phases, in addition to K+ and SO42-, Ca2+ was found in significant amounts probably due the predominance of re-suspension processes (ashes and soil dust) over other emission sources during this stage. Concerning organic markers, the chromatograms were dominated by phenols, n-alkanals and n-alkanones, as well as by alcohol biomarkers in all the PMx fractions investigated. Levoglucosan was the most abundant degradation compound with maximum emission factors between 182 and 261 mg kg(-1) in PM2.5 and PM10 respectively. However, levoglucosan was also observed in significant amounts in the gas-phase. The most representative organic volatile constituents in the smoke samples were alcohols, carbonyls, acids, monocyclic and bicyclic arenes, isoprenoids and alkanes compounds. The emission factors obtained in this study may contribute to the validation and improvement of national and international emission inventories of this intricate and diffuse emission source. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:85 / 92
页数:8
相关论文
共 44 条
[1]   Particulate organic compounds emitted from experimental wildland fires in a Mediterranean ecosystem [J].
Alves, C. A. ;
Goncalves, C. ;
Evtyugina, M. ;
Pio, C. A. ;
Mirante, F. ;
Puxbaum, H. .
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2010, 44 (23) :2750-2759
[2]   Summer 2009 wildfires in Portugal: Emission of trace gases and aerosol composition [J].
Alves, Celia ;
Vicente, Ana ;
Nunes, Teresa ;
Goncalves, Catia ;
Fernandes, Ana Patricia ;
Mirante, Fatima ;
Tarelho, Luis ;
Sanchez de la Campa, Ana M. ;
Querol, Xavier ;
Caseiro, Alexandre ;
Monteiro, Cristina ;
Evtyugina, Margarita ;
Pio, Casimiro .
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2011, 45 (03) :641-649
[3]   Airborne studies of aerosol emissions from savanna fires in southern Africa: 2. Aerosol chemical composition [J].
Andreae, MO ;
Andreae, TW ;
Annegarn, H ;
Beer, J ;
Cachier, H ;
le Canut, P ;
Elbert, W ;
Maenhaut, W ;
Salma, I ;
Wienhold, FG ;
Zenker, T .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1998, 103 (D24) :32119-32128
[4]  
[Anonymous], 2020, Gothenburg Protocol to reduce transboundary air pollution, DOI DOI 10.5860/CHOICE.44-4512
[5]  
[Anonymous], 2007, WORK GROUP 2 CONTR I
[6]   Factors influencing fire behaviour in shrublands of different stand ages and the implications for using prescribed burning to reduce wildfire risk [J].
Baeza, MJ ;
De Luís, M ;
Raventós, J ;
Escarré, A .
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, 2002, 65 (02) :199-208
[7]   Analysis and origins of volatile organic compounds smoke from ligno-cellulosic fuels [J].
Barboni, Toussaint ;
Pellizzaro, Grazia ;
Arca, Bachisio ;
Chiaramonti, Nathalie ;
Duce, Pierpaolo .
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS, 2010, 89 (01) :60-65
[8]   Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in smoke exposure of firefighters during prescribed burning in the Mediterranean region [J].
Barboni, Toussaint ;
Cannac, Magali ;
Pasqualini, Vanina ;
Simeoni, Albert ;
Leoni, Eric ;
Chiaramonti, Nathalie .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE, 2010, 19 (05) :606-612
[9]   Impact of Fine and Ultrafine Particles on Emergency Hospital Admissions for Cardiac and Respiratory Diseases [J].
Belleudi, Valeria ;
Faustini, Annunziata ;
Stafoggia, Massimo ;
Cattani, Giorgio ;
Marconi, Achille ;
Perucci, Carlo A. ;
Forastiere, Francesco .
EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2010, 21 (03) :414-423
[10]   Characterisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric aerosols by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [J].
Borras, E. ;
Tortajada-Genaro, L. A. .
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA, 2007, 583 (02) :266-276