Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Asthma Medication Usage and Health-Care Utilization Data From the National Asthma Survey

Background: Despite the availability of effective treatment, minority children continue to experience disproportionate morbidity from asthma. Our objective was to identify and characterize racial and ethnic disparities in health-care utilization and medication usage among US children with asthma in a large multistate asthma survey. Methods: We analyzed questions from the 2003-2004 four-state sample of the National Asthma Survey to assess symptom control, medication use, and health-care utilization among white, black, and Hispanic children < 18 years old with current asthma who were residing in Alabama, California, Illinois, or Texas. Results: Of the 1,485 children surveyed, 55% were white, 25% were Hispanic, and 20% were black. Twice as many black children had asthma-related ED visits (39% vs 18%, respectively; p < 0.001) and hospitalizations (12% vs 5%, respectively; p = 0.02) compared with white children. Significantly fewer black and Hispanic children reported using inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in the past 3 months (21% and 22%, respectively) compared to white children (33%; p = 0.001). Additionally, 26% of black children and 19% of Hispanic children reported receiving a daily dose of a short-acting P-agonist compared with 12% of white children (p = 0.001). ED visits were positively correlated with short-acting P-agonist use and were negatively correlated with ICS use when stratified by race/ethnicity. Conclusions: Children with asthma in this large, multistate survey showed a dramatic under-use of ICSs. Black and Hispanic children compared with white children had more indicators of poorly controlled asthma, including increased emergency, health-care utilization, more daily rescue medication use, and lower use of JCSs, regardless of symptom control. (CHEST 2009; 136:1063-1071)