A polystyrene film can swell in contact with the buffer solution. It will affect the microstructure of PS during the contact and resulted in a frequency change of the QCM coated with polystyrene. Phosphate buffered saline and tris-hydrochloride solutions were used to observe the swelling behavior of 192 kDa PS coating annealed from 100 degrees C to 200 degrees C. The result showed that the frequency of QCM/PS in contact with the buffer solution was decreased. This result showed that the QCM could be used as a simple and low-cost system to observe a swelling effect of a PS film. (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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