Epistaxis: a review

Epistaxis, being the commonest ear, nose and throat (ENT) emergency requiring hospital admission, is clearly an important condition - not only to the specialist but also to any general practitioner. This short review looks at the aetiology, associated clinical considerations (especially those of hypertension and hypoxaemia) and evolution of its management. Herein is also suggested a methodical and systematic approach to treating the disorder, both at the level of the accident and emergency department and at that of in-patient care. The patient with epistaxis of a refractory nature is included, too - along with a selection of the options available for treatment.