IoT-Based Water Management Systems: Survey and Future Research Direction

The Internet of Things (IoT) sustainable solutions are the next generation of methods for managing and monitoring valuable natural resources such as water. Research has focused on smart IoT-based water management and monitoring system designs for various types of applications, including agricultural, industrial, residential, and crude oil exploration sectors. To this end, unlike other surveys available in the literature, this work presents an all-encompassing analysis of 43 papers published between 2014 and 2022 for systems proposed to manage and monitor water in four different sectors: agricultural, industrial, residential, and oilfield sectors. In this work, we also propose a new optical water management system to address a gap in the literature, particularly for oilfield processes that require significant amounts of water to stimulate oil production. The proposed system employs an advanced optical technique for sensing and transmitting collected data. Overall, this work provides a seminal guide for future research efforts focused on integrating IoT in the field of water management and monitoring.