Gene Expression Analysis Using a Highly Sensitive DNA Microarray for Colorectal Cancer Screening

Background/Aim: Half of all patients with small, right-sided, non-metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) have negative results for the fecal occult blood test (FORT). In the present study, the usefulness of CRC screening with a highly sensitive DNA microarray was evaluated in comparison with that by FOBT using fecal samples. Materials and Methods: A total of 53 patients with CRC and 61 healthy controls were divided into "training" and "validation sets". For the gene profiling, total RNA extracted from 0.5 g of feces was hybridized to a highly sensitive DNA chip. Results: The expressions of 43 genes were significantly higher in the patients with CRC than in healthy controls (p<0.05). In the training set, the sensitivity and specificity of the DNA chip assay using six genes were 85.4% and 85.2%, respectively. On the other hand, in the validation set, the sensitivity and specificity of the DNA chip assay were 85.2% and 85.7%, respectively. The sensitivities of the DNA chip assay were higher than those of FORT in cases of the small, right-sided, early-CRC, tumor invading up to the muscularis propria (i.e. surface tumor) subgroups. In particular, the sensitivities of the DNA chip assay in the surface tumor and early-CRC subgroups were significantly higher than those of FOBT (p=0.023 and 0.019, respectively.). Conclusion: Gene profiling assay using a highly sensitive DNA chip was more effective than FORT at detecting patients with small, right-sided, surface tumor, and early-stage CRC.