Long-term Outcomes of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Presenting to Regional and Remote Hospitals

Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has poorer outcomes in disadvantaged populations such as those in regional and remote locations. We compared long-term outcomes associated with presentation to regional or remote hospitals among AMI patients. Methods and Results Administrative claims data from New South Wales (27% regional and remote residents) was used to identify patients >18 years admitted to any NSW hospital with a principal diagnosis of AMI (ICD10 codes: I21.0-I21.4) between 01/07/2004 and 30/06/2008. Hospital of presentation location with a population of <250,000 was defined as regional and remote while hospitals with a population >250,000 were deemed urban. Receipt of revascularisation and mortality were analysed and adjusted for age, comorbidities and previous revascularisation. Patients were censored at death or end of the follow-up period (31 December 2009). 39,798 patients were identified with 9,393 (23.6%) regional and remote presenters. In multivariable models, regional and remote presentation was associated with reduced rates of revascularisation (OR 0.30 95% CI 0.28-0.32; p<0.001), no impact on overall mortality (HR 1.04 95% CI 0.99-1.02; p= 0.11), but with increased mortality for patients presenting with STEMI (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.06-1.23; p<0.001). The propensity analysis was consistent with these findings. Conclusions Presentation to a regional and remote hospital was associated with lower revascularisation rates following AMI, but with a higher long-term mortality if presenting with ST segment elevation.