Reproductive health indicators and outcomes among refugee and internally displaced persons in postemergency phase camps

Context Despite increasing awareness of the importance of reproductive health programs and services for refugee and internally displaced populations, there is a paucity of basic epidemiological data on reproductive health outcomes. Objectives To collect data on reproductive health outcomes among refugees and internally displaced persons in postemergency phase camps and compare these outcomes with those of host country and country-of-origin populations. To determine programmatic factors that may affect reproductive health outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective study of data collected from August 1998 through March 2000 of 688766 persons living in 52 postemergency phase camps in 7 countries. Reproductive health outcomes of refugee and internally displaced populations were compared with available data of reference populations within their respective host country and country of origin. Main Outcome Measures Crude birth rate (CBR), neonatal mortality rate (NNMR), maternal mortality ratio (MMR), percentage of newborns with low birth weight (LBW), and incidence of complications of unsafe or spontaneous abortions. Results Six of 11 groups had lower CBRs than their country of origin and 5 of 9 groups had lower CBRs than their host country. Four of 5 had lower NNMRs than their country of origin and 6 of 9 had lower NNMRs than the host country. Four of 6 had lower MMRs than their country of origin, and 5 of 6 had lower MMRs than their host country. Seven of 9 had lower percentages of LBWs than in the country of origin and 5 of 9 had lower percentages of LBWs than the host country. Higher CBRs were associated with more recently established camps and higher numbers of local health staff per 1000 persons; and higher percentages of LBW newborns were associated with rainy season, more recently established camps, lower numbers of community health workers per 1000 persons, and camps without supplementary feeding-programs. Conclusions Refugees and internally displaced persons inmost postemergency phase camps had better reproductive health outcomes than their respective host country and country-of-origin populations.