The influence of injection timing on the performance and emission characteristics of an Annona methyl ester operated diesel engine

The effect of varying injection timing on the combustion, performance and emissions of a single-cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine was experimentally investigated using a biodiesel blend. Investigations were carried out with different Annona methyl ester blends at different injection timings: original (27CA bTDC), two advanced (30CA bTDC and 33CA bTDC) and one retarded (24 CA bTDC) injection timings. It was found that at the advanced injection timing of 33CA bTDC, the brake thermal efficiency was higher by about 6.4% while the fuel consumption was lower by about 11.9% than those of the original injection timing. NO emission was slightly higher and smoke was lower by about 13.5% at 33CA bTDC than that of the original injection timing.