A comparison between semi-analytical gas cooling models and cosmological hydrodynamical simulations

We compare the mass cooling rates and cumulative cooled-down masses predicted by several semi-analytical (SA) cooling models with cosmological hydrodynamical simulations performed using the AREPO code (ignoring processes such as feedback and chemical enrichment). The SA cooling models are the new GALFORM cooling model introduced in Hou, Lacey & Frenk, along with two earlier GALFORM cooling models and the L-GALAXIES and MORGANA cooling models. We find that the predictions of the new GALFORM cooling model are generally in best agreement with the simulations. For haloes with M-halo less than or similar to 3 x 10(11) M-circle dot, the SA models predict that the time-scale for radiative cooling is shorter than or comparable to the gravitational infall time-scale. Even though SA models assume that gas falls on to galaxies from a spherical gas halo, while the simulations show that the cold gas is accreted through filaments, both methods predict similar mass cooling rates, because in both cases, the gas accretion occurs on similar time-scales. For haloes with M-halo greater than or similar to 10(12) M-circle dot, gas in the simulations typically cools from a roughly spherical hot gas halo, as assumed in the SA models, but the halo gas gradually contracts during cooling, leading to compressional heating. SA models ignore this heating, and so overestimate mass cooling rates by factors of a few. At low redshifts, halo major mergers or a sequence of successive smaller mergers are seen in the simulations to strongly heat the halo gas and suppress cooling, while mergers at high redshifts do not suppress cooling, because the gas filaments are difficult to heat up. The new SA cooling model best captures these effects.