Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of an oral amoxicillin-apramycin combination in pigs

A new compound granular premix of amoxicillin (20% w/w dry mass)/apramycin (5% w/w dry mass) was developed, and its pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability were determined in pigs following oral administration following a cross-over study design. The pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin (t(1/2 lambda) = 6.43 +/- 4.85h, C-max = 3.2 +/- 1.35 mu g.mL(-1), T-max = 1.92 +/- 0.58, AUC(INF) = 8.98 +/- 2.11 h.mu g.mL(-1)) and apramycin (t(1/2 lambda) = 8.67 +/- 4.4h, C-max = 0.23 +/- 0.12 mu g.mL(-1), T-max = 2.25 +/- 0.82 h, AUC(INF) = 12.37 +/- 8.64h.mu g.mL(-1)) when administered as the amoxicillin-apramycin granular premix did not significantly differ from those for the single-ingredient powder form of each component. The relative bioavailability of amoxicillin following oral administration of the amoxicillin-apramycin granular premix was 22.62% when compared to the intramuscular administration of commercial amoxicillin sodium-powder. This is the first report of a new amoxicillin-apramycin combination which has a potential veterinary application the for prevention and treatment digestive tract infections in pigs.