New QTLs identified for leaf correlative traits in rice seedlings under cadmium stress

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic metal that is primarily released into the environment from artificial sources in recent decades. To investigate the genetics of Cd toxicity tolerance at the seedling stage in rice, a QTL analysis was carried out under cadmium stress conditions with two toxicity-linked traits-leaf rolling (LR) and the green leaf ratio (GLR). Using 127 rice lines of doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between a japonica JX17 and indica ZYQ8, two QTLs for LR (qLR-1 and qLR-9) and one QTL for GLR (qGLR-3) were detected. Among them, the phenotypic variation of qLR-1 and qGLR-3 were 19.27 and 16.09, values which are useful for marker-assistant selection in breeding elite rice cultivars that have the capacity to tolerate Cd. The results further demonstrate that visual measurements of both LR and GLR in seedlings are effective methods for screening tolerant rice germplasm in cadmium stress scenarios.