Titania-nanorods modified carbon paste electrode for the sensitive voltammetric determination of BPA in exposed bottled water

A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based TiO2-nanorods modified carbon paste electrode (CPE/TiO2 NRs) for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in bottled water was successfully studied. The synthesized TiO2 NRs and the modified sensor were fabricated by simple methods and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The electrocatalytic activity of the modified sensor was studied by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in a 0.01 M [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) in 0.1 M NaCl. The composition of TiO2 NRs, pH of BPA solution, and scan rate have been investigated. The linear range of detection for BPA using the CPE/TiO2 NRs was found to be between 6 x 10(-4) M and 10(-2) M with a limit of detection of 0.08 mu M. The modified sensor was successfully applied for the determination of BPA in a real sample bottled drinking water with excellent stability, repeatability, and good agreement results compared to other methods.