Self-medication and self-prescription with antibiotics in the Middle East-do they really happen? A systematic review of the prevalence, possible reasons, and outcomes

被引:176
作者
Alhomoud, Faten [1 ]
Aljamea, Zainab [1 ]
Almahasnah, Reem [1 ]
Alkhalifah, Khawlah [1 ]
Basalelah, Lama [1 ]
Alhomoud, Farah Kais [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Dammam, Sch Clin Pharm, Dept Clin & Pharm Practice, Dammam 31952, Saudi Arabia
[2] Umm Al Qura Univ, Dept Clin Pharm, Coll Pharm, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
关键词
Self-medication; Self-treatment; Non-prescription; Antibiotic; Antibacterial; Middle East; KNOWLEDGE; RESISTANCE; COMMUNITY; POPULATION; ATTITUDES; AWARENESS; BEHAVIOR; PHARMACISTS; PATTERNS; DRUGS;
D O I
10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.014
中图分类号
R51 [传染病];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
Objectives: There has been no review on the prevalence, possible causes, and clinical outcomes of self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) in the Middle East. Methods: Databases were searched (January 2000 through June 2016) for articles on SMA among adults aged >= 18 years living in the Middle East. A hand search for relevant citations and key journals was also performed. Results: Twenty-two studies were found. The prevalence of SMA ranged from 19% to 82%. Age, sex, and educational and income levels were the main determinants of SMA. Socio-cultural, economic, and regulatory factors were the most commonly cited reasons for SMA. Penicillins were the antibiotics most commonly used; the antibiotics were obtained mainly via stored leftover drugs, pharmacies without prescriptions, and friends/relatives. SMA was mainly for upper respiratory tract problems. The primary sources of drug information included relatives/friends and previous successful experience. Inappropriate drug use such as wrong indication, short and long duration of treatment, sharing of antibiotics, and storing antibiotics at home for use at a later time were reported. Negative and positive outcomes of SMA were identified. Conclusions: It is important to understand the links between different factors promoting SMA and to assess the changing trends in order to derive strategies aimed at reducing drug-related health risks. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.
引用
收藏
页码:3 / 12
页数:10
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