An up-scalable approach to CH3NH3PbI3 compact films for high-performance perovskite solar cells

In this work, we describe an up-scalable, two step approach to prepare CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films with high quality and exceptional uniformity at centimeter-scale (5.0 cm x 5.0 cm). The resulting solar cells achieve efficiency up to 16% with an average efficiency of 14.3% for small-area devices. Remarkably, devices with size of 1.0 cm x 1.0 cm made on the 5.0 cm x 5.0 cm perovskite films display a very impressive efficiency up to 12.6% with an average efficiency of 10.9% (for 48 devices), which is significantly superior to previous reports (<9.0% efficiency) with centimeter-sized devices. The present approach combines the advantages of the short reaction time, facile fabrication, exceptional uniformity, good reproducibility, high device performance and up-scalability, enabling it the potential ability in large-scale photovoltaic applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.