Higher heating values of lignin types from wood and non-wood lignocellulosic biomasses

The higher heating values were studied from different lignin types obtained from wood and non-wood lignocellulosic biomass samples. The differences of higher heating values in wood and non-wood biomass were analyzed using repeated experimental measures. Typically, five different lignin samples were obtained from hazelnut shell, olive husk, walnut shell, spruce wood (a soft-wood), and beech wood (a hardwood) in this study. The proximate analysis and thermal analysis with heat content are the most important data for the characterization of biomass lignin. The higher heating value (HHV) of lignin available from biomass by burning ranges from 22.2 MJ/kg to 28.5 MJ/kg. There are mainly three types of lignin. Lignin from beech wood can be considered as type I lignin. Lignins obtained from spruce wood, hazelnut shell, and olive husk may be considered as type II lignin. Lignin obtained from walnut could be considered as type III lignin.