IQ and risk for schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study

被引:344
作者
David, AS
Malmberg, A
Brandt, L
Allebeck, P
Lewis, G
机构
[1] UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL, SCH MED & DENT, DEPT MED PSYCHOL, LONDON, ENGLAND
[2] UNIV OXFORD, DEPT PSYCHIAT, OXFORD OX1 2JD, ENGLAND
[3] UNIV WALES COLL MED, DEPT MED PSYCHOL, CARDIFF CF4 4XN, S GLAM, WALES
[4] GOTHENBURG UNIV, HUDDINGE UNIV HOSP, DEPT COMMUNITY MED, KAROLINSKA INST, GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN
[5] VASA HOSP, GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN
关键词
D O I
10.1017/S0033291797005680
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
Background. This study aimed to quantify the association between low IQ and the later development of psychosis in a population-based cohort study of 18-year-old conscripts. Methods. Fifty thousand males conscripted into the Swedish army in 1969-1970 were followed by means of the Swedish National Register of Psychiatric Care up to 1983. Tests of verbal and visuospatial abilities, general and mechanical knowledge and several psychosocial variables were recorded at conscription. Results. One hundred and ninety-five subjects were admitted to hospital with schizophrenia and 192 with a non-schizophrenic psychosis on ICD-8 criteria. The distribution of scores in those later diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia was shifted in a downward direction, with a linear relationship between low IQ and risk. This remained after adjustment for potential confounders. The risk for non-schizophrenic disorders was also higher in those with lower IQ but the effect was less marked and non-linear. Only poorer performance on the verbal tasks and mechanical knowledge test conferred a significantly increased risk for schizophrenia after taking into account general intellectual ability. Low IQ at conscription was not related to age of onset. Conclusions. The results confirm the importance of low intellectual ability as a risk factor for schizophrenia and other psychoses. This is unlikely to be due to prodromal decline or known confounders. The association could be directly causal with cognitive impairment leading to false beliefs and perceptions, or could be indirect with any factors causing lower IQ, such as abnormal brain development increasing the risk for schizophrenia.
引用
收藏
页码:1311 / 1323
页数:13
相关论文
共 54 条
[1]   CHILDHOOD INTELLIGENCE OF FUTURE SCHIZOPHRENICS AND NEIGHBORHOOD PEERS [J].
ALBEE, GW ;
LANE, EA ;
REUTER, JM .
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 1964, 58 (01) :141-144
[2]   PRESCHIZOPHRENICS - ADDING TO THE EVIDENCE, SHARPENING THE FOCUS [J].
AMBELAS, A .
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 1992, 160 :401-404
[3]  
[Anonymous], GLOSS MENT DIS GUID
[4]  
[Anonymous], 1994, The Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia
[5]  
[Anonymous], 1990, RIGHT CEREBRAL HEMIS
[6]   CHILDREN AT RISK FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA - CONVERGING LINES OF EVIDENCE [J].
ASARNOW, JR .
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN, 1988, 14 (04) :613-631
[7]   INTELLIGENCE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA - META-ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH [J].
AYLWARD, E ;
WALKER, E ;
BETTES, B .
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN, 1984, 10 (03) :430-459
[8]   OUTCOME STUDIES OF LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT - INFANTS PUBLISHED IN THE LAST DECADE - A METAANALYSIS [J].
AYLWARD, GP ;
PFEIFFER, SI ;
WRIGHT, A ;
VERHULST, SJ .
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS, 1989, 115 (04) :515-520
[9]   EVALUATION OF SOCIAL-PROBLEM SOLVING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA [J].
BELLACK, AS ;
SAYERS, M ;
MUESER, KT ;
BENNETT, M .
JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1994, 103 (02) :371-378
[10]  
BLANCHARD JJ, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P40