Zinc and glycerol enhance the production of nematicidal compounds in vitro and improve the biocontrol of Meloidogyne java']javanica in tomato by fluorescent pseudomonads

Aims: To assess the effects of various carbon and mineral sources on the nematicidal potential of biocontrol inoculants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IE-6S(+) and Ps. fluorescens CHA0 under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. Methods and Results: Culture filtrates of strains IE-6S(+) and CHA0, cultured in nutrient yeast extract broth, caused substantial mortality of the juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica . The nematicidal activities of the culture filtrates were altered after amendment with various carbon and mineral sources. Soil amendment with zinc alone or in combination with glycerol improved the biocontrol efficacy against root-knot nematode, promoted tomato plant growth and enhanced bacterial rhizosphere and endophytic colonization. Conclusions: Appropriate quantities of glycerol and zinc alone or in combination enhance the nematicidal activity of Ps. aeruginosa and Ps. fluorescens . Glucose reduces the activity of these bacteria against nematodes. Significance and Impact of the Study: Minerals and carbon sources are appealing because they are easy and economical to provide during liquid fermentation of inoculants or as fertilizer amendments to improve the biocontrol activity of indigenous and introduced bacteria.