15N Natural Abundance of C3 and C4 Herbaceous Plants and Its Response to Climatic Factors along an Agro-Pastoral Zone of Northern China

The nitrogen isotope composition of plants (delta N-15) can comprehensively reflect information on climate change and ecosystems' nitrogen cycle. By collecting common herbs and soil samples along the 400 mm isoline of mean annual precipitation (MAP) in the agro-pastoral zone of North China (APZNC) and measuring their delta N-15 values, the statistical characteristics of foliar delta N-15 of herbs and the responses of foliar delta N-15 to the MAP and mean annual temperature (MAT) were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the delta N-15 values of all herbs investigated varied from -5.5% to 15.25%. Among them, the delta N-15 value range of C3 herbs (-5.5 similar to 15.00%) was wider than that of C4 herbs (-2.17 similar to 15.25%), but the average value (3.27%) of C3 herbs was significantly lower than that of C4 herbaceous plants (5.55%). This difference provides an important method for identifying plants of different photosynthetic types by nitrogen isotope technology. (2) Along the transect from northeast to southwest, the delta N-15 of both C3 and C4 herbs decreased with the increase in the MAP, but not significantly for C3 herbs. The inverse relationship between the nitrogen isotopic signatures of herbs and MAP is consistent with previous studies. However, the MAP in the APZNC is found to only explain a small amount of the observed variance in the delta N-15 herbs (C3 herbs: 10.40%; C4 herbs: 25.03%). (3) A strong negative relationship was found between delta N-15 of herbs and MAT across the transect (C3 herbs: -0.368%/degrees C; C4 herbs: -0.381%/degrees C), which was contrary to the global pattern and some regional patterns. There was no significant difference in the delta N-15 responses of two different photosynthetic herbs to temperature, but the effect of temperature on the variances of delta N-15 of C3 and C4 herbs was significantly greater than that of precipitation. This suggests that temperature is a key factor affecting foliar delta N-15 of herbs in this transect. The above findings may be of value to global change researchers studying the processes of the nitrogen cycle and gaining an insight into climate dynamics of the past.