New air Cherenkov light detectors to study mass composition of cosmic rays with energies above knee region

被引：4

作者：

Tsunesada, Yoshiki ^{[1
]}

Katsuya, Ryoichi ^{[1
]}

Mitsumori, Yu ^{[1
]}

Nakayama, Keisuke ^{[1
]}

Kakimoto, Fumio ^{[1
]}

Tokuno, Hisao ^{[1
]}

Tajima, Norio ^{[2
]}

Miranda, Pedro ^{[3
]}

Salinas, Juan ^{[3
]}

Tavera, Wilfredo ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Meguro, Tokyo 1528550, Japan

[2] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan

[3] Univ Mayor San Andres, Inst Invest Fis, La Paz, Bolivia

来源：

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT | 2014年 / 763卷

关键词：

Cosmic rays; Mass composition; Extensive air showers; Cherenkov light detectors; High altitude; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RADIATION PULSES; DISTRIBUTIONS; SHOWERS; SPECTRUM; PROTONS; ARRAY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.nima.2014.06.054

中图分类号：

TH7 [仪器、仪表];

学科分类号：

0804 ; 080401 ; 081102 ;

摘要：

We have installed a hybrid detection system for air showers generated by cosmic rays with energies greater than 3 x 10(15) eV at Mount Chacaltaya (5200 m above the sea level), in order to study the mass composition of cosmic rays above the knee region. This detection system comprises an aft shower at with 49 scintillation counters in an area of 500 m x 650 in, and seven new Cherenkov light detectors installed in a radial direction from the center of the an shower array with a separation of 50 m, It is known that the longitudinal development of a particle cascade in the atmosphere strongly depends on the type of the primary nucleus, and an aft shower initiated by a heavier nucleus develops faster than that by a lighter primary of the same energy, because of the differences in the interaction cross-section and the energy per nucleon. This can be measured by detecting the Cherenkov radiation emitted from charged particles in air showers at higher altitudes. In this paper we describe the design and performance of our new non-imaging Cherenkov light detectors at Mount Chacaltaya that are operated in conjunction with the air shower array. The arrival directions and energies of air showers are determined by the shower array, and information about the primary masses is obtained from the Cherenkov light data including the time profiles and lateral distributions. The detector consists of photomultiplier tube (PMT), high-speed ADCs, other control modules, and data storage device. The Cherenkov light signals from an air shower are typically 10100 ns long, and the waveforms are digitized with a sampling frequency of 1 GHz and recorded in situ without long-distance analog signal transfers. All the Cherenkov light detectors record their time-series data by receiving a triggering signal transmitted from the trigger module of the air shower array, which is fired by a coincidence of shower signals in four neighboring scintillation counters. The optical characteristics of the detectors and the control and the data acquisition systems are discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：320 / 328

页数：9

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