Preparation and enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid hydrogels comprising ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and sodium alginate

Hydrogels with 3-dimentional cross-linked structures are widely used in various biomedical fields such as bone repair scaffolds, drug carriers and biosensors. However, the applications of hydrogels are usually restricted because of their poor mechanical properties. Currently, nanocomposites, double network systems, hydrophobic association, macromolecules, and nanoparticles are commonly adopted as cross linking agents to enhance mechanical properties of hydrogels. In this work, ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires (HANWs) with lengths of several hundred microns are prepared and used to enhance the mechanical properties of sodium alginate (SA)-based hydrogels. Using divalent calcium ions as the cross-linking agent, the hybrid HANWs/SA hydrogels containing various percentages of HANWs are obtained. The as-prepared HANWs/SA hybrid hydrogels have a porous structure with pore sizes ranging from about 200 to 500 mu m. The mechanical properties of SA hydrogels can be significantly improved by incorporating HANWs. The maximum compressive modulus (E-50%) and tensile Young's modulus of the hybrid hydrogel (HANWs/SA = 2:1) are as high as 0.123 MPa and 0.994 MPa, which are about 162% and 614% those of the pure SA hydrogel, respectively. Due to the enhanced mechanical properties and high biocompatibility, the as-prepared HANWs/SA hybrid hydrogels have promising applications in various biomedical fields such as bone defect repair. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.