Fuxian Hu is a deep freshwater take in the high plateau in Yunnan Province, China. After a study and description of Fuxiana yangi Sket, 2000 from deep waters, some coastal samples of amphipods were taxonomically evaluated. Four species were recognized, which in winter co-occur along most of the shallow littoral zone around the lake; they were identified as members of the family Anisogammaridae. One species was recognized as a slightly differentiated Eurypodogammarus helohius Hou et al., 2005, and the others as new species of Fuxigammarus gen. n. Results of a cladistic analysis performed on morphological characters from published descriptions, which included all lacustrine taxa and representatives of all other anisogammarid genera, established the monophyly of the new genus. Endemic character and monophyly of the group testify to an intralacustrine radiation within Fuxigammarus, Fuxian Hu is the fifth known lake in the world to contain a radiation of amphipods and is the only one inhabited by members of Anisogammaridae. Fuxigammarus gen. n. is characterized by a small and slender body, scant dorsal setosity-spinosity, and single, sausage-shaped accessory lobes on coxal gills, antennae without calceoli and rod shaped uropod Ill. These species differ substantially from each other by characters that do not occur in other anisogammarid genera. The type species F. antespinosus sp. nov. has spiniform dorsal setae shifted forward. Fuxigammarus barbatus sp. nov. has extremely setose antennal bases and mandibular palps and all elongated proximal flagellar article of antenna II. Fuxigammarus cornutus sp. nov. has a pair of dorsal spiniform setae only oil humped urosomite I and the usually spiniform setae replaced by flexible setae on the telson. These characters are a kind of counterpart to the specific body armature of the Bajkal amphipods.
