Diabetic Kidney Disease - How to Protect the Kidney?

In diabetes, progression of cardio-renal disease is still the most important determinant of disease burden. Hence, the potential of glycaemic control is not the only measure any more to decide whether a new therapeutic approach is selected. Therapies with compelling cardiovascular and renal-protective effects are available. The two most promising new treatment concepts are sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibition and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonism. For both treatment concepts, prominent reductions in cardiovascular event rates and renal disease progression have been proven. To date, these beneficial effects appear to be more significant with SGLT-2 inhibitors than with GLP-1 receptor agonists, and further clinical trials with SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with more advanced diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease are currently underway. Furthermore, there are two new treatment concepts for attenuation of diabetic kidney disease progression close to finalization: selective antagonism of the mineralocorticoid receptor with finerenone and selective antagonism of the endothelin-1 receptor with atrasentan. Hence, in the near future, more treatment approaches might be available to face the major challenges in diabetes mellitus.