Whole-Volume Tumor MRI Radiomics for Prognostic Modeling in Endometrial Cancer

Background In endometrial cancer (EC), preoperative pelvic MRI is recommended for local staging, while final tumor stage and grade are established by surgery and pathology. MRI-based radiomic tumor profiling may aid in preoperative risk-stratification and support clinical treatment decisions in EC. Purpose To develop MRI-based whole-volume tumor radiomic signatures for prediction of aggressive EC disease. Study Type Retrospective. Population A total of 138 women with histologically confirmed EC, divided into training (n(T) = 108) and validation cohorts (n(V) = 30). Field Strength/Sequence Axial oblique T-1-weighted gradient echo volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) at 1.5T (71/138 patients) and DIXON VIBE at 3T (67/138 patients) at 2 minutes postcontrast injection. Assessment Primary tumors were manually segmented by two radiologists with 4 and 8 years' of experience. Radiomic tumor features were computed and used for prediction of surgicopathologically-verified deep (>= 50%) myometrial invasion (DMI), lymph node metastases (LNM), advanced stage (FIGO III + IV), nonendometrioid (NE) histology, and high-grade endometrioid tumors (E3). Corresponding analyses were also conducted using radiomics extracted from the axial oblique image slice depicting the largest tumor area. Statistical Tests Logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied for radiomic modeling in the training cohort. The diagnostic performances of the radiomic signatures were evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the training (AUC(T)) and validation (AUC(V)) cohorts. Progression-free survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard model. Results The whole-tumor radiomic signatures yielded AUC(T)/AUC(V) of 0.84/0.76 for predicting DMI, 0.73/0.72 for LNM, 0.71/0.68 for FIGO III + IV, 0.68/0.74 for NE histology, and 0.79/0.63 for high-grade (E3) tumor. Single-slice radiomics yielded comparable AUC(T) but significantly lower AUC(V) for LNM and FIGO III + IV (both P < 0.05). Tumor volume yielded comparable AUC(T) to the whole-tumor radiomic signatures for prediction of DMI, LNM, FIGO III + IV, and NE, but significantly lower AUC(T) for E3 tumors (P < 0.05). All of the whole-tumor radiomic signatures significantly predicted poor progression-free survival with hazard ratios of 4.6-9.8 (P < 0.05 for all). Data Conclusion MRI-based whole-tumor radiomic signatures yield medium-to-high diagnostic performance for predicting aggressive EC disease. The signatures may aid in preoperative risk assessment and hence guide personalized treatment strategies in EC. Level of Evidence 4 Technical Efficacy Stage 2