Three floral volatiles contribute to differential pollinator attraction in monkeyflowers (Mimulus)

被引:117
作者
Byers, Kelsey J. R. P. [1 ]
Bradshaw, H. D., Jr. [1 ]
Riffell, Jeffrey A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
Floral scent; Insect behavior; Antennal lobe; Olfaction; Terpene; Speciation; SEXUALLY DECEPTIVE ORCHID; FLOWER SCENT COMPOSITION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SPECIES CARYOPHYLLACEAE; EVOLUTION; ODOR; RESPONSES; POPULATION; PREFERENCE; TRAITS;
D O I
10.1242/jeb.092213
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Flowering plants employ a wide variety of signals, including scent, to attract the attention of pollinators. In this study we investigated the role of floral scent in mediating differential attraction between two species of monkeyflowers (Mimulus) reproductively isolated by pollinator preference. The emission rate and chemical identity of floral volatiles differ between the bumblebee-pollinated Mimulus lewisii and the hummingbird-pollinated M. cardinalis. Mimulus lewisii flowers produce an array of volatiles dominated by D-limonene, beta-myrcene and E-beta-ocimene. Of these three monoterpenes, M. cardinalis flowers produce only D-limonene, released at just 0.9% the rate of M. lewisii flowers. Using the Bombus vosnesenskii bumblebee, an important pollinator of M. lewisii, we conducted simultaneous gas chromatography with extracellular recordings in the bumblebee antennal lobe. Results from these experiments revealed that these three monoterpenes evoke significant neural responses, and that a synthetic mixture of the three volatiles evokes the same responses as the natural scent. Furthermore, the neural population shows enhanced responses to the M. lewisii scent over the scent of M. cardinalis. This neural response is reflected in behavior; in two-choice assays, bumblebees investigate artificial flowers scented with M. lewisii more frequently than ones scented with M. cardinalis, and in synthetic mixtures the three monoterpenes are necessary and sufficient to recapitulate responses to the natural scent of M. lewisii. In this system, floral scent alone is sufficient to elicit differential visitation by bumblebees, implying a strong role of scent in the maintenance of reproductive isolation between M. lewisii and M. cardinalis.
引用
收藏
页码:614 / 623
页数:10
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