Circulating anti-mullerian hormone as predictor of ovarian response to clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: To investigate the impact of high circulating AMH on the outcome of CC ovulation induction in women with PCOS. Methods: This prospective cohort observational study included 81 anovulatory women with PCOS who underwent 213 cycles of CC ovarian stimulation. Serum AMH concentrations were measured on cycle day 3 before the commencement of CC in the first cycle, which were compared between responders and CC-resistant anovulation (CRA). Logistic regression analysis was applied to study the value of serum AMH for the prediction of ovarian responsiveness to CC stimulation. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating AMH. Main outcome measures: Serum AMH levels. Results: Women who ovulated after CC therapy had a significantly lower AMH compared with the CRA (5.34 +/- 1.97 vs. 7.81 +/- 3.49, P < 0.001). There was a significant gradient increase of serum AMH levels with the increasing dose of CC required to achieve ovulation (P < 0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, AMH was an independent predictor of ovulation induction by CC in PCOS patients. ROC curve analysis showed AMH to be a useful predictor of ovulation induction by CC in PCOS patients, having 92 % specificity and 65 % sensitivity when the threshold AMH concentration was 7.77 ng/ml. Conclusion: Serum AMH may be clinically useful to predict which PCOS women are more likely to respond to CC treatment and thus to direct the selection of protocols of ovulation induction.