Detection of the breakage of pharmaceutical tablets in pneumatic transport

Pneumatic transport of pharmaceutical tablets is very convenient, compact and greatly reduces contamination. A potential problem, however, is the breakage of a significant fraction of the transported tablets, causing serious product quality problems. Since the flowrate of tablets transported through a given pneumatic transport line increases with gas velocity, lines are often operated at gas velocities slightly below the velocity at which tablets break. Minor changes in operating conditions can have a large effect on the impact resistance of tablets and on the observed tablet breakage rate. Therefore, maintaining a constant gas velocity is not sufficient to keep the tablet breakage rate below an acceptable level. The objective of the present study was to develop a reliable and non-invasive on-line method for the detection of tablet breakage. Pharmaceutical acetaminophen tablets were transported pneumatically in a 0.1 m diameter pipeline consisting of a 5 m vertical and a 4.0 m horizontal section made of either re-enforced PVC or steel. The pipeline flow regime was determined by visual observation through clear pipeline sections. Tablet breakage was quantified by screening tablet samples. Acoustic measurements were recorded at different locations along the pipeline. Analysis of the signals from microphones attached to the wall of the elbow and horizontal section provided a reliable detection of conditions leading to tablet breakage. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.