Antimony as a global dilemma: Geochemistry, mobility, fate and transport

被引:358
作者
Herath, Indika [1 ]
Vithanage, Meththika [2 ,3 ]
Bundschuh, Jochen [1 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Southern Queensland, Fac Hlth Engn & Sci, Sch Civil Engn & Surveying, West St, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia
[2] Natl Inst Fundamental Studies, Chem & Environm Syst Modeling Res Grp, Hantana Rd, Kandy, Sri Lanka
[3] Univ Southern Queensland, Int Ctr Appl Climate Sci, West St, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia
[4] Univ Southern Queensland, Deputy Vice Chancellors Off Res & Innovat, West St, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia
关键词
Antimony; Geochemistry; Mobilization; Oxidative dissolution; Immobilization; MOLAR-MASS FRACTIONS; SHOOTING-RANGE SOILS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; MANGANESE-OXIDE; NATURAL-WATERS; PHOTOINDUCED OXIDATION; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; POLLUTED SOILS; IN-VITRO;
D O I
10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.057
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Elevated concentrations of antimony (Sb) in environmental, biological and geochemical systems originating from natural, geological and anthropogenic sources are of particular global concern. This review presents a critical overview of natural geochemical processes which trigger the mobilization of Sb from its host mineral phases and related rocks to the surrounding environments. The primary source of Sb contamination in the environment is geogenic. The geochemical characteristics of Sb are determined by its oxidation states, speciation and redox transformation. Oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals and aqueous dissolution are the most prevalent geochemical mechanisms for the release of Sb to the environment. Transformation of mobile forms of Sb is predominantly controlled by naturally occurring precipitation and adsorption processes. Oxyhydroxides of iron, manganese and aluminum minerals have been recognized as naturally occurring Sb sequestrating agents in the environment. Antimony is also immobilized in the natural environment via precipitation with alkali and heavy metals resulting extremely stable mineral phases, such as schafarzikite, tripuhyite and calcium antimonates. Many key aspects, including detection, quantification, and speciation of Sb in different environmental systems as well as its actual human exposure remain poorly understood. Identification of global distribution of most vulnerable Sb-contaminated regions/countries along with aquifer sediments is an urgent necessity for the installation of safe drinking water wells. Such approaches could provide the global population Sbsafe drinking and irrigation water and hinder the propagation of Sb in toxic levels through the food chain. Hence, raising awareness through the mobility, fate and transport of Sb as well as further trans disciplinary research on Sb from global scientific communities will be a crucial stage to establish a sustainable Sb mitigation on a global scale. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:545 / 559
页数:15
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