Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea risk and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on follow up at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a periodic, partial or complete obstruction in the upper airway during sleep that disrupts normal sleep pattern. Despite its significant morbidities and mortality, the majority of patients with OSA remain undiagnosed. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of OSA risk among type 2 diabetes patients on follow up at Jimma Medical Center from January 13 to March 2, 2020. Method: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted and consecutive sampling technique was employed. The stop bang questionnaire was used to assess OSA risk. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and entered into EPI data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with high risk OSA. A variable having a p-value of < 0.2 in the bivariate model was subjected to multivariate analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated at 95% confidence interval and considered significant with a p-value of <= 0.05. Result: 253 patients seen in the outpatient clinic were involved with mean age and mean duration of diabetes was 50.27 +/- 14.08 and 6.48 +/- 5.20 years respectively. The study finding showed that the prevalence of high risk OSA was 45.5%. According to multivariate analysis comorbid hypertension (AOR = 2; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.89), physical inactivity (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.11,4), BMI >= 30 kg/m(2): (AOR = 5.41; 95% CI: 1.68,17.3 and neck circumference > 40 cm: (AOR = 6.3; 95% CI: 2.8,14.2 were independently associated with an increased risk of OSA. Conclusion: There is high number of participants with high risk of OSA. BMI of >= 30 kg/m(2), physical inactivity, neck circumference of > 40 cm and comorbid hypertension were associated with high risk OSA among participants. Early detection and appropriate interventions are important among high risk groups.