Blockchain mechanism with Byzantine fault tolerance consensus for Internet of Drones services

The increasing number of drones brings various issues like security risks, increasing air traffic, misuse or crash of drones, and so on. Blockchain can provide the solution to mitigate these problems of drones. Hence, in this article, we have presented the Blockchain of Drones (BCoD), a conceptual approach of collaboration between blockchain and IoD to make drones advantageous through blockchain properties. But the main challenge for adopting blockchain is scalability as consensus in blockchain relies on the message communications by replicated nodes to attain flexibility against faulty nodes. Considering this, we present an advanced byzantine fault tolerance (ABFT) consensus for drone-based applications. This protocol provides scalability with minimum cost and resources for achieving general agreement. It uses only f + 1 resources in normal case and 2f + 1 resources in faulty case with O(n) communication complexity. The systematic analysis and evaluation show that the ABFT improves the performance of the system for a wide range of networks compared with existing BFT systems.