Magnetic polarization measurements of the multi-modal plasma response to 3D fields in the EAST tokamak

A multi-modal plasma response to applied non-axisymmetric fields has been found in EAST tokamak plasmas. Here, multi-modal means the radial and poloidal structure of an individually driven toroidal harmonic is not fixed. The signature of such a multi-modal response is the magnetic polarization (ratio of radial and poloidal components) of the plasma response field measured on the low field side device mid-plane. A difference in the 3D coil phasing (the relative phase of two coil arrays) dependencies between the two responses is observed in response to n = 2 fields in the same plasma for which the n = 1 responses are well synchronized. Neither the maximum radial nor the maximum poloidal field response to n = fields agrees with the best applied phasing for mitigating edge localized modes, suggesting that the edge plasma response is not a dominant component of either polarization. GPEC modeling reproduces the discrepant phasing dependences of the experimental measurements, and confirms the edge resonances are maximized by the coil phasing that mitigates ELMs in the experiments. The model confirms the measured plasma response is not dominated by resonant current drive from the external field. Instead, non-resonant contributions play a large role in the diagnostic signal for both toroidal harmonics n = 1 and n = 2. The analysis in this paper demonstrates the ability of 3D modeling to connect external magnetic sensor measurements to the internal plasma physics and accurately predict optimal applied 3D field configurations in multi-modal plasmas.