Discovery of a candidate binary supermassive black hole in a periodic quasar from circumbinary accretion variability

被引：11

作者：

Liao, Wei-Ting ^{[1
,2
]}

Chen, Yu-Ching ^{[1
,2
]}

Liu, Xin ^{[1
,2
]}

Holgado, A. Miguel ^{[1
,2
]}

Guo, Hengxiao ^{[1
,2
]}

Gruendl, Robert ^{[1
,2
]}

Morganson, Eric ^{[2
]}

Shen, Yue ^{[1
,2
]}

Davis, Tamara ^{[3
]}

Kessler, Richard ^{[4
,5
]}

Martini, Paul ^{[6
,7
]}

McMahon, Richard G. ^{[8
,9
]}

Allam, Sahar ^{[10
]}

Annis, James ^{[10
]}

Avila, Santiago ^{[11
]}

Banerji, Manda ^{[8
,9
]}

Bechtol, Keith ^{[12
]}

Bertin, Emmanuel ^{[13
,14
]}

Brooks, David ^{[15
]}

Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth ^{[10
]}

Carnero Rosell, Aurelio ^{[16
,17
]}

Kind, Matias Carrasco ^{[1
,2
]}

Carretero, Jorge ^{[18
]}

Javier Castander, Francisco ^{[19
,20
]}

Cunha, Carlos ^{[21
]}

D'Andrea, Chris ^{[22
]}

da Costa, Luiz ^{[17
,23
]}

Davis, Christopher ^{[21
]}

De Vicente, Juan ^{[16
]}

Desai, Shantanu ^{[24
]}

Diehl, H. Thomas ^{[10
]}

Doel, Peter ^{[15
]}

Eifler, Tim ^{[25
,26
]}

Evrard, August ^{[27
,28
]}

Flaugher, Brenna ^{[10
]}

Fosalba, Pablo ^{[19
,20
]}

Frieman, Josh ^{[4
,10
]}

Garcia-Bellido, Juan ^{[29
]}

Gaztanaga, Enrique ^{[19
,20
]}

Glazebrook, Karl ^{[30
]}

Gruen, Daniel ^{[21
,31
]}

Gschwend, Julia ^{[17
,23
]}

Gutierrez, Gaston ^{[10
]}

Hartley, Will ^{[15
,32
]}

Hollowood, Devon L. ^{[33
]}

Honscheid, Klaus ^{[7
,34
]}

Hoyle, Ben ^{[35
,36
]}

James, David ^{[37
]}

Krause, Elisabeth ^{[25
]}

Kuehn, Kyler ^{[38
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[2] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, 605 East Springfield Ave, Champaign, IL 61820 USA

[3] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia

[4] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[5] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[6] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[7] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, 191 West Woodfuff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[8] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[9] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[10] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA

[11] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England

[12] LSST, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[13] Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France

[14] Sorbonne Univ, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75014 Paris, France

[15] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England

[16] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, E-28040 Madrid 40, Spain

[17] Lab Interinst Astron LIneA, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

[18] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

[19] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

[20] CSIC, Inst Space Sci ICE, Campus UAB,Carrer Can Magrans S-N, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

[21] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, POB 2450, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[22] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[23] Observ Nacl, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

[24] IIT Hyderabad, Dept Phys, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India

[25] Dept Astron Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[26] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[27] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[28] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[29] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor, CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

[30] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia

[31] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[32] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Wolfgang Pauli Str 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

[33] Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[34] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[35] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[36] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Univ Sternwarte, Fak Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

[37] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[38] Macquarie Univ, Australian Astron Opt, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

[39] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Matemat, CP 66318, BR-05314970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

[40] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, College Stn, TX 77843 USA

[41] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA

[42] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

[43] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

[44] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile

[45] Brandeis Univ, Phys Dept, 415 South St, Waltham, MA 02453 USA

[46] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083859 Campinas, SP, Brazil

[47] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA

[48] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA

来源：

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY | 2021年 / 500卷 / 03期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 欧洲研究理事会; 英国科学技术设施理事会; 澳大利亚研究理事会; 美国安德鲁·梅隆基金会;

关键词：

black hole physics; surveys; galaxies: active; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: nuclei; quasars: general; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; GALACTIC NUCLEI; DARK ENERGY; VARIABLE QUASARS; GALAXY MERGERS; DATA RELEASE; OSCILLATIONS; MASS;

D O I：

10.1093/mnras/staa3055

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Binary supermassive black holes (BSBHs) are expected to be a generic byproduct from hierarchical galaxy formation. The final coalescence of BSBHs is thought to be the loudest gravitational wave (GW) siren, yet no confirmed BSBH is known in the GW-dominated regime. While periodic quasars have been proposed as BSBH candidates, the physical origin of the periodicity has been largely uncertain. Here, we report discovery of a periodicity (p = 1607 +/- 7 d) at 99.95 per cent significance (with a global p value of similar to 10(-3) accounting for the look elsewhere effect) in the optical light curves of a redshift 1.53 quasar, SDSS J025214.67-002813.7. Combining archival Sloan Digital Sky Survey data with new, sensitive imaging from the Dark Energy Survey, the total similar to 20-yr time baseline spans similar to 4.6 cycles of the observed 4.4-yr (rest frame 1.7-yr) periodicity. The light curves are best fit by a bursty model predicted by hydrodynamic simulations of circumbinary accretion discs. The periodicity is likely caused by accretion rate modulation by a milli-parsec BSBH emitting GWs, dynamically coupled to the circumbinary accretion disc. A bursty hydrodynamic variability model is statistically preferred over a smooth, sinusoidal model expected from relativistic Doppler boost, a kinematic effect proposed for PG1302-102. Furthermore, the frequency dependence of the variability amplitudes disfavours Doppler boost, lending independent support to the circumbinary accretion variability hypothesis. Given our detection rate of one BSBH candidate from circumbinary accretion variability out of 625 quasars, it suggests that future large, sensitive synoptic surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time may be able to detect hundreds to thousands of candidate BSBHs from circumbinary accretion with direct implications for Laser Interferometer Space Antenna.

引用

页码：4025 / 4041

页数：17

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