Risk Factors for Survival in a University Hospital Population of Dogs with Epilepsy

BackgroundAlthough a common neurological disorder in dogs, long-term outcome of epilepsy is sparsely documented. ObjectivesTo investigate risk factors for survival and duration of survival in a population of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy or epilepsy associated with a known intracranial cause. AnimalsOne hundred and two client owned dogs; 78 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and 24 dogs with epilepsy associated with a known intracranial cause. MethodsA retrospective hospital based study with follow-up. Dogs diagnosed with epilepsy between 2002 and 2008 were enrolled in the study. Owners were interviewed by telephone using a structured questionnaire addressing epilepsy status, treatment, death/alive, and cause of death. ResultsMedian life span was 7.6years, 9.2years, and 5.8years for all dogs, and dogs with idiopathic epilepsy or dogs with epilepsy associated with a known intracranial cause (P<.001), respectively. Survival time for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy was significantly (P=.0030) decreased for dogs euthanized because of epilepsy (median: 35months) compared to dogs euthanized for other reasons (median: 67.5months). Neutered male dogs with idiopathic epilepsy had a significant (P=.031) shorter survival (median: 38.5months) after index seizure compared to intact male dogs (median: 71months). Treatment with two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) did not negatively influence survival (P=.056). Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceDogs with idiopathic epilepsy can in many cases expect a life span close to what is reported for dogs in general. In dogs where mono-therapy is not sufficient, the need for treatment with two AEDs is not linked to a poor prognosis.