Geological Aspects and Genesis of Bentonites

被引:144
作者
Christidis, George E. [1 ]
Huff, Warren D. [2 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Crete, Dept Mineral Resources Engn, Khania 73100, Greece
[2] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
关键词
bentonite; smectite; glass alteration; stratigraphic correlation; cryptic variation; clay; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BASALTIC GLASS; NORTH-AMERICA; MINERALOGY; GREECE; CHEMISTRY; SMECTITES; ANDESITE; RHYOLITE; ERUPTION;
D O I
10.2113/gselements.5.2.93
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
Bentonites are clay rocks consisting predominantly of smectite. They form mainly from alteration of pyroclastic and/or voicaniclastic rocks. Extensive deposits, linked to large eruptions, have formed repeatedly in the past. Bentonite layers are useful for stratigraphic correlation and for interpreting the geodynamic evolution of our planet. Bentonites generally form by diagenetic or hydrothermal alteration, favoured by fluids that leach alkali elements and by high Mg content. Smectite composition is partly controlled by parent rock chemistry. Recent studies have shown that bentonite deposits may display cryptic variations in layer charge - i.e. the variations are not visible at the macroscopic scale - and these correlate with physical properties.
引用
收藏
页码:93 / 98
页数:6
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