Oroxylin A, a constituent of Oroxylum indicum inhibits adipogenesis and induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 cells

Oroxylin A (OA) is a flavonoid found in Oroxylum indicum, a medicinal plant with multiple biological activities. This study was taken up to investigate the effect of OA, on adipogenesis, lipolysis and apoptosis in 3T3 L1 cells. Pre-adipocytes were treated with 10-40 mu M OA on various days of adipogenesis treatment schedule. Mature adipocytes were treated with OA for lipolysis and apoptosis studies. In maturing preadipocytes, 10 mu M OA suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation by 42.19% which was confirmed by lipidTox imaging of cells. In addition, OA decreased the nuclear translocation of PPAR gamma and mRNA expression of its downstream genes (FAS and LPL) along with adiponectin secretion. In mature adipocytes, 40 mu M of OA decreased cell viability by 30% of control. Annexin V/PI staining showed induction of apoptosis which was further confirmed by enhanced levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cyt c, AIF and chromatin condensation. OA enhanced TNF-alpha secretion, lipolysis and decreased Akt phosphorylation in mature adipocytes. Findings suggest that OA possibly exerts its anti-obesity effect by affecting adipocyte life cycle at critical points of differentiation and maturity. When we compared the potency of OA with non-methoxylated flavonoids morin, naringenin and kaempferol on adipocyte life cycle OA was far more potent. Thus, study clearly indicates a new role for oroxylin A as regulator of adipocyte life cycle. In addition, study also suggested a specific role of methoxylated group in exerting lipolysis and cytotoxic effects in mature adipocytes. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.