Environmental Nanoparticles, SARS-CoV-2 Brain Involvement, and Potential Acceleration of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution

被引:22
作者
Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian [1 ,2 ]
Torres-Jardon, Ricardo [3 ]
Franco-Lira, Maricela [4 ]
Kulesza, Randy [5 ]
Gonzalez-Maciel, Angelica [6 ]
Reynoso-Robles, Rafael [6 ]
Brito-Aguilar, Rafael [2 ]
Garcia-Arreola, Berenice [2 ]
Revueltas-Ficachi, Paula [2 ]
Adriana Barrera-Velazquez, Juana [2 ]
Garcia-Alonso, Griselda [2 ]
Garcia-Rojas, Edgar [2 ]
Mukherjee, Partha S. [7 ]
Delgado-Chavez, Ricardo
机构
[1] Univ Montana, 32 Campus Dr,287 Skaggs Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
[2] Univ Valle Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[3] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico
[4] Colegio Bachilleres Militarizado Gen Mariano Esco, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
[5] Lake Erie Coll Osteopath Med, Auditory Res Ctr, Erie, PA USA
[6] Inst Nacl Pediat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[7] Indian Stat Inst, Interdisciplinary Stat Res Unit, Kolkata, India
关键词
ACE2; air pollution; Alzheimer's disease; COVID; 19; depression; nanoparticles; neurotropism; Parkinson's disease; SARS-CoV-2; suicide; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-CORONAVIRUS; IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; FORMYL PEPTIDE RECEPTORS; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN; MEXICO-CITY; GUT-MICROBIOTA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN;
D O I
10.3233/JAD-200891
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD, PD) have a pediatric and young adult onset in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC). The SARS-CoV-2 neurotropic RNA virus is triggering neurological complications and deep concern regarding acceleration of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes already in progress. This review, based on our MMC experience, will discuss two major issues: 1) why residents chronically exposed to air pollution are likely to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 systemic and brain effects and 2) why young people with AD and PD already in progress will accelerate neurodegenerative processes. Secondary mental consequences of social distancing and isolation, fear, financial insecurity, violence, poor health support, and lack of understanding of the complex crisis are expected in MMC residents infected or free of SARS-CoV-2. MMC residents with pre-SARS-CoV-2 accumulation of misfolded proteins diagnostic of AD and PD and metal-rich, magnetic nanoparticles damaging key neural organelles are an ideal host for neurotropic SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus invading the body through the same portals damaged by nanoparticles: nasal olfactory epithelium, the gastrointestinal tract, and the alveolar-capillary portal. We urgently need MMC multicenter retrospective-prospective neurological and psychiatric population follow-up and intervention strategies in place in case of acceleration of neurodegenerative processes, increased risk of suicide, and mental disease worsening. Identification of vulnerable populations and continuous effort to lower air pollution ought to be critical steps.
引用
收藏
页码:479 / 503
页数:25
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