Microcystins cause embryonic toxicity in mice

Microcystins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria are potent hepatotoxins and can cause animal intoxications and human illnesses. In the present study, the effects of microcystins on the embryonic development of Kunming mice were determined using cell extracts of Microcystis aeruginosa from the Nanwan reservoir, China. Forty-eight pregnant mice were divided into four groups of 12 mice. Pregnant mice in three experimental groups were injected intraperitoneally with cell extracts at doses equivalent to 3, 6, or 12 mu g microcystins/kg body weight daily from gestational days 6-15, while the mice in the control group were injected on the same schedule with sterilized saline. Mice were killed on the 18th day of gestation and embryonic and fetal developmental indexes checked. The fetal mice were also examined for anomalies of external, skeletal, and internal organs. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in body weight gain of pregnant mice in the 12 mu g/kg dose group when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Differences in mean body weight, body length, and tail length of the fetuses were also found in these two groups (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in these characteristics was detected in the 6 or 3 mu g/kg dose groups when compared to the control group (p > 0.05). Four fetuses in the 6 mu g/kg body dose group were found to have a curving tail. Additionally, petechial hemorrhage and hydropic degeneration were observed in the livers of fetuses in the 6 and 12 mu g/kg experimental groups. These results suggested that microcystins had both maternal and embryonic toxicity in mice. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.