Comparison of the effects of inhalation aromatherapy using Damask Rose aroma and the Benson relaxation technique in burn patients: A randomized clinical trial

Background: Burn injuries are often accompanied by painful and distressing consequences, which can lead to long-term psychological issues. The most common form of anxiety in burn patients is pain anxiety. It is described as the feeling of fear and pain prediction caused by painful procedures. Aim: To compare the effects of inhalation aromatherapy using damask rose aroma and the Benson relaxation technique on pain anxiety in burn patients. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 132 patients hospitalized in Motahari Burn Hospital from October 2017 to March 2018. The subjects were selected using a sequential sampling method. Next, they were randomly allocated by the Permuted block randomization method into four groups of rose aroma (5 drops of 40% rose aroma), the Benson relaxation technique, combined rose aroma-Benson relaxation and control. The interventions were performed for three consecutive days and once a day for 20 min, and each session lasted from 45 to 30 min before the daily dressing change. Data was collected using the Persian version of burn specific pain anxiety scale (BSPAS). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via the SPSS software version 16. Results: Immediately after the intervention, on the first, second and third days, significant differences in pain anxiety among four groups were reported. On the first day, the Scheffe ad hoc test indicated statistically significant differences in pain anxiety between all groups (p <0.001), except rose aroma-plus-Benson relaxation and rose aroma groups (p = 0.15). On the second and third days, there were significant differences between the groups in pain anxiety (p <0.001). Furthermore, after wound dressing, on the first, second and third days, statistically significant differences in pain anxiety among four groups were reported. On the first day, the Scheffe ad hoc test revealed statistically significant differences in pain anxiety between all groups (p <0.001). On the second and third days, there were statistically significant differences in pain anxiety between the groups (p < 0.001), except the rose aroma and Benson relaxation groups. Immediately after the intervention, the maximum effect size was on the first day in the group of rose aroma-plus-Benson relaxation and the lowest effect size was on the first day in the Benson relaxation group. However, after wound dressing, the maximum effect size was on the third day in the rose aroma-pus-Benson relaxation group and the lowest effect size was on the first day in the Benson relaxation group. Conclusion: The combination of the rose aroma and Benson relaxation has a synergistic effect and has more effects in the reduction of pain anxiety in burn patients than a single intervention. Health care providers can provide these interventions simultaneously and help reduce pain anxiety in burn patients before conducting painful interventions. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.