[1] Robert Gordon Univ, Sch Engn, Sir Ian Wood Bldg, Aberdeen AB10 7QB, Scotland
[2] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland
[3] Northumbria Univ, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England
[4] Newcastle Univ, Sch Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England