Effect of fat source on duodenal flow of trans-C-18:1 fatty acids and milk fat production in dairy cows

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of dietary fat source on duodenal flow, apparent absorption, and milk fat incorporation of trans-C-18:1 fatty acids. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated multiparous Holsteins cows in mid to late lactation were fed a basal diet containing 36% corn silage, 24% alfalfa haylage, and 40% concentrate (dry matter basis). Diets contained 0% supplemental fat (control diet), 3.7% high oleic sunflower oil, 3.7% high linoleic sunflower oil, or 3.7% partially hydrogenated vegetable shortening; treatments were administered in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 3-wk experimental periods. The flow of trans-C-18:1 to the duodenum was higher for cows fed diets supplemented with fat than for cows fed the control diet (283 vs. 64 g/d). Incomplete biohydrogenation accounted for the increased flow of trans-C-18:1 to the duodenum in cows fed diets containing high oleic and high linoleic sunflower oil. Increased flow of trans-C-18:1 in cows fed the diet containing partially hydrogenated vegetable shortening most likely originated from the trans-C-18:1 in the diet. Milk fat percentages were 3.48, 3.07, 3.18, and 3.38% for cows fed the control diet and diets containing high oleic sunflower oil, high linoleic sunflower oil, and vegetable shortening, respectively. Milk trans-C-18:1 increased from 2.9 to 11.2% of the total fatty acids for cows fed the control diet and the diets supplemented with fat, respectively. Milk trans-C-18:1 were equal across all diets supplemented with fat. Ruminal and total tract digestion of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and N did not change with fat supplementation. Results showed that trans-C-18:1 is increased in the milk of cows with reduced milk fat; however, excessive amounts of trans-C-18:1 in milk do not necessarily correspond directly to milk fat depression.