System-Level Sub-20 nm Planar and FinFET CMOS Delay Modelling for Supply and Threshold Voltage Scaling Under Process Variation

Standard low power design utilizes a variety of approaches for supply and threshold control to reduce dynamic and idle power. At a very early stage of the design cycle, the V-dd and V-th values are estimated, based on the power budget, and then used to scale the delay and estimate the design performance. Furthermore, process variation in sub-20 nm feature technologies introduces a substantial impact on speed and power. Thus, the impact of such variation on the scaled delay has to also be considered in the performance estimation. In this paper, we propose a system-level model to estimate this delay, taking into consideration voltage scaling under within-die process variation for both planar and FinFET CMOS transistors in the sub-20 nm regime. The model is simple, has acceptable accuracy and is particularly useful for architectural-level simulations for low-power design exploration at an early stage in the design space exploration. The proposed model estimates the delay in different supply voltage and threshold voltage ranges. The model uses a modified alpha-power equation to measure the delay of the critical path of a computational logic core. The targeted technology nodes are 14 nm, 10 nm, and 7 nm for FinFETs, and 22 nm, and 16 nm for planar CMOS. Within-die process variation is assumed to be lumped in with the threshold voltage and the transistor channel length and width to simplify its impact on delay. For the given technology nodes, the average percentage error numbers of the proposed delay equation compared to hSpice are between 0.5% to 14%.