Perioperative analgesic effects of an ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block with a mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine in cats undergoing ovariectomy

Objective To evaluate the perioperative analgesic effects of a transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine administered to cats undergoing ovariectomy. Study design Controlled, randomized, prospective, blinded clinical study. Animals A group of 20 healthy cats. Methods Robenacoxib (2 mg kg(-1)) was administered subcutaneously 0.5 hour before intramuscular (IM) administration of ketamine (5 mg kg(-1)), methadone (0.1 mg kg(-1)) and dexmedetomidine (0.01 mg kg(-1)). General anesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) propofol and maintained with isoflurane. An ultrasound-guided TAP block was performed by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine (0.2 mL kg(-1)) diluted in a total volume of 1.5 mL 2% lidocaine bilaterally (TAP group, n = 10) or the same volume of saline solution bilaterally in controls (CTR group, n = 10). During surgery, a 20% increase in heart rate and respiratory frequency was treated with IV fentanyl (0.001 mg kg(-1)). Before premedication and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours after extubation, pain was assessed with a simple descriptive pain scale, that ranged from 0 (no pain) to 4 (intense pain). For pain scores >= 3, IM methadone (0.1 mg kg(-1)) was administered. Data were analyzed with the Friedman or the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Only two cats in the CTR group were administered one dose of fentanyl during surgery. At 2, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours after surgery, the pain score was higher in the CTR group. A mean dose of 0.5 +/- 0.2 mg kg(-1) methadone was administered to all cats in the CTR groups within 24 hours. Methadone was not administered to the TAP group (pain score < 3). Conclusions and clinical relevance Ultrasound-guided TAP block can be a reliable adjunctive technique, providing analgesia for up to 24 hours in cats undergoing ovariectomy.