Initial Construction and Validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory

被引:867
作者
Pincus, Aaron L. [1 ]
Ansell, Emily B. [2 ]
Pimentel, Claudia A. [1 ]
Cain, Nicole M. [1 ]
Wright, Aidan G. C. [1 ]
Levy, Kenneth. N. [1 ]
机构
[1] Penn State Univ, Dept Psychol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[2] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
关键词
Pathological Narcissism Inventory; narcissistic grandiosity; narcissistic vulnerability; scale construction; PERSONALITY-DISORDER; SELF-ESTEEM; INTERPERSONAL CIRCUMPLEX; VALIDITY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SYMPTOMS;
D O I
10.1037/a0016530
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
The construct of narcissism is inconsistently defined across clinical theory, social-personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Two problems were identified that impede integration of research and clinical findings regarding narcissistic personality pathology: (a) ambiguity regarding the assessment of pathological narcissism vs. normal narcissism and (b) insufficient scope of existing narcissism measures. Four studies are presented documenting the initial derivation and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI). The PNI is a 52-item self-report measure assessing 7 dimensions of pathological narcissism spanning problems with narcissistic grandiosity (Entitlement Rage, Exploitativeness, Grandiose Fantasy, Self-sacrificing Self-enhancement) and narcissistic vulnerability (Contingent Self-esteem, Hiding the Self, Devaluing). The PNI structure was validated via confirmatory factor analysis. The PNI correlated negatively with self-esteem and empathy, and positively with shame, interpersonal distress, aggression, and borderline personality organization. Grandiose PNI scales were associated with vindictive, domineering, intrusive, and overly-nurturant interpersonal problems, and vulnerable PNI scales were associated with cold, socially avoidant, and exploitable interpersonal problems. In a small clinical sample, PNI scales exhibited significant associations with parasuicidal behavior, suicide attempts, homicidal ideation, and several aspects of psychotherapy utilization.
引用
收藏
页码:365 / 379
页数:15
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