Autoxidation in amide-based electrolyte and its suppression for enhanced oxygen efficiency and cycle performance in non-aqueous lithium oxygen battery

In spite of several desirable properties such as high stability against superoxide anion and low vapor pressure, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) electrolyte is reported not suitable for use in lithium-oxygen (Li-O-2) batteries because of severe degradation upon cycling and low oxygen efficiency. In this work, we find that NMP electrolyte is reactive with 02 gas in the presence of lithium metal and such 02 consuming reaction (i.e., autoxidation) is a possible cause for the poor performance in Li-O-2 batteries with NMP electrolyte. The autoxidation of NMP is verified by direct measurement of the depletion of 02 gas in the hermetically sealed symmetric Li/Li cells via in-situ gas pressure analysis. In-situ differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy (DEMS) experiment reveals that the autoxidation resulted in significant 02 consumption upon discharge, very low 02 efficiency upon charge, and eventually fast capacity fading. Lithium nitrate (LiNO3), which provides a protective layer on the surface of lithium metal, is employed to suppress the autoxidation, leading to significantly enhanced oxygen efficiency and cycle life. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.