Black Rice Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Voltammetric Determination of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)

The present communication describes the development and application of black rice modified carbon paste electrode (BRMCPE) for the trace determination of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Electrochemical impedance spectra showed reduction of charge transfer resistance and higher electrocatalytic behavior of the sensor also supported by the cyclic voltammetry characterization of the electrode. The electrochemical parameters were optimized with reference to the amount of modifier, supporting electrolyte, accumulation time and accumulation potential. Mutual interference of the ions and the effect of surfactants on the metal ions were also investigated. Experimental analysis via BRMCPE under optimized conditions resulted in stripping responses with good linearity in the range 50-200, 400-1000, 250-700, 400-1000 mu g/l and low limits of detection being 14.58, 154.83, 125.32, 134.04 mu g/l respectively for Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II).